Table 5 Insulation performance and applied system efficiency by simulation model

Division Unit General MDU to which the Energy Saving Design by year is applied Passive MDU
2001 2008 2011 2013
Window/door U-value Outdoor air direct W/m2K 3.84 3.0 2.1 1.5 0.89 (South), 1.0 (North, east, west)
Outdoor air indirect W/m2K 5.47 4.3 2.8 2.2 1.0
Type of frame mm PVC 115 mm PVC 115mm PVC 225mm PVC 225mm PVC 270mm
Type of pane mm 16mmdouble-glazed(5CL+6Air+5CL) 22mm double-glazed(5C+12Air+5CL) 22mmdouble low-e glazing(5LE+12Ar+5CL)+6mm single glazing(6CL) 22mmdouble low-e glazing(5LE+12Ar+5CL)+22mm double low-e glazing(5CL+12Air+5CL) 22mmdouble low-e glazing(5LE+12Ar+5CL) + 39mm triple low-e glazing(6LE+12Ar+3CL+12Ar+6LE)
SHGC value 0.747 0.748 0.538 0.493 0.358
Type of door Ordinary fire door Insulated fire door
Wall U-value Outdoor air direct W/m2K 0.47 0.47 0.36 0.27 0.15
Outdoor air indirect W/m2K 0.64 0.64 0.49 0.37 0.39
Wall insulation method Internal insulation Internal insulation Internal insulation Internal insulation Outside insulation
Type of insulation Extrusion #1, density 30kg/m3, U-value 0.028 Diverse insulation applied (see Table 3)
Insulation thickness mm 65 65 85 120 115~225
Type of ventilation system Air-supply and exhaust ventilation system Heat recovery ventilation system
Total ventilation time(including infiltration) time/h 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Number of household vertical ducts unit 3 3 3 3 3
Infiltration rate (@50 Pa) time/h 3 2 1.7 1.5 0.8
Ventilation rate for ventilation load time/h 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.248
Waste heat recovery system efficiency % - - - - 75
Type of boiler Individual gas boiler Pallet boiler
Boiler efficiency % 80 80 87 87 87